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Nouns and gender

Every Italian noun is masculine or feminine. This affects articles, adjectives, and pronouns.

The two genders

GenderDefinite articleExample
Masculineil / lo / l'il libro (the book)
Femininela / l'la casa (the house)

Predicting gender

Masculine patterns

EndingExamples
-oil libro, il vino, il ragazzo
-oreil colore, l'amore
-iereil cameriere (waiter)

Feminine patterns

EndingExamples
-ala casa, la donna, la pizza
-zionela stazione, la nazione
-tà/-tùla città, la gioventù
-iela serie

Nouns ending in -e

Can be either gender; must be memorized:

  • il ristorante (m) — restaurant
  • la notte (f) — night
  • il padre (m) — father
  • la madre (f) — mother

Definite articles

GenderBefore consonantBefore z, s+consonant, gn, psBefore vowel
Masc. sing.illol'
Masc. pl.igligli
Fem. sing.lalal'
Fem. pl.lelele

Indefinite articles

GenderArticleExample
Masculineun / unoun libro, uno studente
Feminineuna / un'una casa, un'amica

Plural forms

Singular endingPlural endingExample
-o (m)-ilibro → libri
-a (f)-ecasa → case
-e (m/f)-inotte → notti
-ca/-ga-che/-gheamica → amiche
-co/-go-chi/-ghiamico → amici

Adjective agreement

Adjectives agree with nouns:

Masc. sing.Fem. sing.Masc. pl.Fem. pl.
altoaltaaltialte
grandegrandegrandigrandi

Most adjectives follow the noun:

  • una casa grande — a big house
  • un libro interessante — an interesting book

Some come before (bello, buono, grande, piccolo, giovane, vecchio):

  • una bella donna — a beautiful woman
  • un buon vino — a good wine

Next: Verbs →

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